*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}:root{--color-canvas-default: rgb(13, 17, 23);--color-canvas-subtle: rgb(22, 27, 34);--color-canvas-overlay: rgb(33, 38, 45);--color-border-default: rgb(48, 54, 61);--color-border-muted: rgb(33, 38, 45);--color-fg-default: rgb(201, 209, 217);--color-fg-muted: rgb(139, 148, 158);--color-accent-fg: rgb(112, 160, 255);--color-neutral-muted: rgba(35, 43, 53, .2);--color-border-neutral: rgba(65, 73, 82, 1);--color-page-bg: rgb(13, 17, 23);--color-card-bg: rgb(22, 27, 34);--diff-gray: #9ca3af;--diff-red: #f87171;--diff-orange: #fb923c;--diff-yellow: #facc15;--diff-green: #4ade80;--diff-blue: #60a5fa;--diff-purple: #c084fc;--diff-black: #e2e8f0;--leetcode-easy: #00B8A3;--leetcode-medium: #FFC01E;--leetcode-hard: #FF375F}html.light{--color-canvas-default: rgb(255, 255, 255);--color-canvas-subtle: rgb(246, 248, 250);--color-canvas-overlay: rgb(255, 255, 255);--color-border-default: rgb(208, 215, 222);--color-border-muted: rgb(216, 222, 228);--color-fg-default: rgb(36, 41, 47);--color-fg-muted: rgb(87, 96, 106);--color-accent-fg: rgb(9, 105, 218);--color-neutral-muted: rgba(175, 184, 193, .2);--color-border-neutral: rgba(208, 215, 222, 1);--color-page-bg: rgb(246, 248, 250);--color-card-bg: rgb(255, 255, 255);--diff-gray: #9ca3af;--diff-red: #ef4444;--diff-orange: #f97316;--diff-yellow: #eab308;--diff-green: #22c55e;--diff-blue: #3b82f6;--diff-purple: #a855f7;--diff-black: #0f172a;--leetcode-easy: #00af9b;--leetcode-medium: #e5ac1b;--leetcode-hard: #ff2d55}body{transition:background-color .3s ease,color .3s ease}html,body{margin:0;padding:0;background-color:var(--color-page-bg);color:var(--color-fg-default);font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Noto Sans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji";line-height:1.5;word-wrap:break-word;isolation:isolate}a{color:var(--color-accent-fg);text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}h1,h2{padding-bottom:.3em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border-default)}h1{font-size:2em}h2{font-size:1.5em}h3{font-size:1.25em}p,ul,ol{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px}.article-body{line-height:var(--article-line-height)}.article-body ul{list-style-type:disc;padding-left:2em}.article-body ol{list-style-type:decimal;padding-left:2em}.article-body img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;display:block;padding:1rem auto;margin:1rem auto;background-color:#fff}ul,ol{padding-left:1em!important}ul li::marker,ol li::marker{color:var(--color-accent-fg)}hr{height:1px;padding:0;margin:24px 0;background-color:var(--color-border-default);border:0}blockquote{margin:0 0 16px;padding:0 1em;color:var(--color-fg-muted);border-left:.25em solid var(--color-border-default)}blockquote>:first-child{margin-top:0}blockquote>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}code:not(pre code){padding:.1em;margin:0 .2em;background-color:var(--color-neutral-muted);border:1px solid var(--color-border-neutral);border-radius:6px;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace}pre{border-radius:6px;padding:16px;overflow:auto;line-height:1.45;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:14px}.light pre{background-color:color-mix(in srgb,#fefefe var(--bg-overlay-alpha),transparent)!important;border:1px solid var(--color-border-default)}html:not(.light) pre.astro-code span[style*=--shiki-dark]{color:var(--shiki-dark)!important}html:not(.light) pre.astro-code{background-color:color-mix(in srgb,#24292E var(--bg-overlay-alpha),transparent)!important;color:var(--shiki-dark)!important}pre code{background-color:transparent;padding:0;border-radius:0;font-size:100%;color:var(--color-fg-default);font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,SF Mono,Menlo,Consolas,Liberation Mono,monospace}.katex-display{margin:1em 0;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}.code-wrapper{position:relative;margin-bottom:16px}.code-wrapper pre{margin-bottom:0}.copy-code-btn{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;z-index:10;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid #30363d;color:#8696a9;border-radius:4px;width:22px;height:22px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);opacity:0}.copy-code-btn:hover{background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);border-color:var(--color-fg-default);color:var(--color-fg-default);opacity:.7}.code-wrapper:hover .copy-code-btn{opacity:1}.copy-code-btn.copied{border-color:#2da44e;color:#2da44e}::-webkit-scrollbar{width:8px;height:8px}::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background-color:transparent}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background-color:var(--color-border-default);border-radius:4px}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background-color:var(--color-fg-muted)}::-webkit-scrollbar-corner{background-color:transparent}*{scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:var(--color-border-default) transparent}.fouc-loading{opacity:0!important;pointer-events:none!important;transition:opacity .3s ease-out}.site-header[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{background-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-canvas-default) var(--bg-overlay-alpha),transparent);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border-muted);padding:1.5rem 0;margin-bottom:1rem}.header-inner[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1rem;height:100%}.header-title-row[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:0}.site-title[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{font-size:1.8rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--color-fg-default);text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1;display:flex;align-items:center}.accent-text[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{color:var(--color-accent-fg)}.header-nav-row[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{display:flex;align-items:center}.nav-links[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;gap:1.5rem;align-items:center}.nav-links[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2] a[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{color:var(--color-fg-default);font-weight:600;font-size:.95rem;text-transform:uppercase;transition:color .2s;display:flex;align-items:center;height:100%}.nav-links[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2] a[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]:hover,.nav-links[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2] a[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2].active{color:var(--color-accent-fg)}@media(max-width:768px){.site-header[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{padding:1.25rem 0}.header-title-row[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem;align-items:center}.header-nav-row[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{width:100%;justify-content:center;margin-top:0}.nav-links[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{justify-content:center;gap:1.5rem;font-size:.85rem}.site-title[data-astro-cid-3ef6ksr2]{font-size:1.5rem;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}}.site-footer[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{border-top:1px solid var(--color-border-muted);padding:2rem 0;margin-top:4rem;background-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-canvas-subtle) var(--bg-overlay-alpha),transparent)}.footer-container[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1.5rem}.footer-section[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{display:flex;align-items:center}.copyright[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{color:var(--color-fg-muted);font-size:.9rem}.subscribe-form[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{display:flex}.sub-input[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);border-radius:6px 0 0 6px;padding:6px 12px;color:var(--color-fg-default);outline:none}.sub-btn[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{background-color:var(--color-accent-fg);color:#fff;border:1px solid var(--color-accent-fg);border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;padding:6px 16px;cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}.sub-btn[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]:hover{opacity:.9}.social-links[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;gap:1rem}.social-links[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte] a[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{color:var(--color-fg-muted);font-size:1.5rem;transition:color .2s}.social-links[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte] a[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]:hover{color:var(--color-accent-fg)}@media(max-width:768px){.footer-container[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.footer-section[data-astro-cid-sz7xmlte]{justify-content:center}}#theme-toggle[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;z-index:1000;background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);cursor:pointer;color:var(--color-fg-default);padding:.5rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:100%;transition:all .2s;box-shadow:0 2px 10px #0000001a}#theme-toggle[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3]:hover{background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);transform:scale(1.1)}@media(max-width:600px){#theme-toggle[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3]{bottom:20px;right:20px}}.sun[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3]{display:none}.moon[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3],.light .sun[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3]{display:block}.light .moon[data-astro-cid-x3pjskd3]{display:none}#lang-toggle[data-astro-cid-lb7h3eps]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:80px;z-index:1000;background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);cursor:pointer;color:var(--color-fg-default);padding:0;width:40px;height:40px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;transition:all .2s;box-shadow:0 2px 10px #0000001a;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600}#lang-toggle[data-astro-cid-lb7h3eps]:hover{background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);transform:scale(1.1)}@media(max-width:600px){#lang-toggle[data-astro-cid-lb7h3eps]{right:20px;bottom:80px}}.setting-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:140px;z-index:1000;background-color:var(--color-canvas-default);border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);cursor:pointer;color:var(--color-fg-default);padding:0;width:40px;height:40px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;transition:all .2s;box-shadow:0 2px 10px #0000001a}.setting-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:hover{background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);transform:scale(1.1)}.settings-panel[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{position:fixed;bottom:80px;right:20px;width:280px;background-color:var(--color-card-bg);border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;box-shadow:0 10px 40px #0003;z-index:1001;opacity:0;transform:translateY(10px) scale(.95);visibility:hidden;transition:all .2s cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1)}.settings-panel[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb].active{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0) scale(1);visibility:visible}@media(max-width:600px){.setting-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{right:20px;bottom:140px}.settings-panel[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{width:calc(100% - 40px);right:20px;bottom:200px}}.panel-header[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:8px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border-muted)}.panel-title[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{font-size:.85rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--color-fg-default);letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0}.close-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{background:transparent;border:none;color:var(--color-fg-muted);cursor:pointer;padding:4px;border-radius:4px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;transition:color .2s}.close-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:hover{color:var(--color-fg-default);background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle)}.toggle-row[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-bottom:16px}.toggle-row[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.toggle-label[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--color-fg-default);font-weight:500}.toggle-desc[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{font-size:.75rem;color:var(--color-fg-muted);display:block;margin-top:2px}.switch[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:40px;height:22px;flex-shrink:0}.switch[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb] input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{opacity:0;width:0;height:0}.slider[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{position:absolute;cursor:pointer;inset:0;background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);transition:.3s;border-radius:34px;border:1px solid var(--color-border-default)}.slider[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:before{position:absolute;content:"";height:16px;width:16px;left:2px;bottom:2px;background-color:var(--color-fg-muted);transition:.3s;border-radius:50%}input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:checked+.slider[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{background-color:var(--color-accent-fg);border-color:var(--color-accent-fg)}input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:checked+.slider[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:before{transform:translate(18px);background-color:#fff}input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:disabled+.slider[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{opacity:.6;cursor:not-allowed}.color-control[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb][type=color]{-webkit-appearance:none;border:none;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;cursor:pointer;overflow:hidden;padding:0;background:transparent}input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb][type=color]::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}input[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb][type=color]::-webkit-color-swatch{border:2px solid var(--color-border-default);border-radius:50%}.reset-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);color:var(--color-fg-muted);border-radius:50%;width:32px;height:32px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;transition:all .2s}.reset-btn[data-astro-cid-plohhiyb]:hover{background-color:var(--color-canvas-subtle);color:var(--color-fg-default);border-color:var(--color-accent-fg)}.ambient-light[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%,color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-accent-fg) 15%,transparent),transparent 70%)}.spotlight[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{background:radial-gradient(circle,color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-accent-fg) 10%,transparent) 0%,transparent 70%)}.ambient-light[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:500px;pointer-events:none;z-index:-2;background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 0%,rgba(112,160,255,.15),transparent 70%);opacity:0;transition:opacity .5s ease}html.bg-lines-enabled .ambient-light[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{opacity:.6}.bg-pattern[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:-3;pointer-events:none;background-image:linear-gradient(color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-accent-fg) 10%,transparent) 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-accent-fg) 10%,transparent) 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:50px 50px;mask-image:radial-gradient(circle at center top,black 40%,transparent 100%);-webkit-mask-image:radial-gradient(circle at center top,black 40%,transparent 100%);opacity:0;transition:opacity .5s ease}html.bg-lines-enabled .bg-pattern[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{opacity:1}.spotlight[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:600px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(circle,var(--color-accent-fg-alpha-10, rgba(112, 160, 255, .1)) 0%,transparent 70%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);pointer-events:none;z-index:-1;opacity:0;transition:opacity .3s ease}html.spotlight-enabled .spotlight[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{opacity:1}html.light .bg-pattern[data-astro-cid-2bmgk6ai]{background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(0,0,0,.03) 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0,0,0,.03) 1px,transparent 1px)}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;margin:0}.content[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{flex:1;width:100%;max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 1rem 4rem}.content[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4].has-toc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 240px;gap:3rem;align-items:start}.toc-sidebar[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{position:relative;height:100%}.toc-container[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{position:sticky;top:2rem;max-height:80vh;overflow-y:auto;padding-left:1rem;border-left:1px solid var(--color-border-muted)}.toc-list[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.toc-item[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{margin-bottom:.5rem;line-height:1.4}.toc-item[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4] a[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{color:var(--color-fg-muted);font-size:.9rem;text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s;display:block}.toc-item[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4] a[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]:hover{color:var(--color-accent-fg)}.depth-1[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{font-weight:700;margin-top:1rem}.depth-2[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{padding-left:0}.depth-3[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{padding-left:1rem;font-size:.85rem}.depth-4[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{padding-left:2rem;font-size:.85rem}@media(max-width:900px){.content[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4].has-toc{display:block}.toc-sidebar[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{display:none}}.article-body[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]>h1[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]:first-child,.article-body[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]>h2[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]:first-child{margin-top:0!important;padding-top:0!important;line-height:1.2}.toc-container[data-astro-cid-sckkx6r4]{position:sticky;top:2rem;margin-top:.2rem;max-height:80vh;overflow-y:auto;padding-left:1rem;border-left:1px solid var(--color-border-muted)}